How Stuart Prebble helped to change Margaret Thatcher’s mind on broadcasting

Obituaries of the former ITV executive, author and producer Stuart Prebble who has died aged 74 rightly pay tribute to his creativity and enterprise. One episode which has not been mentioned, in fact Stuart didn’t include it in his own autobiography, was how his skills as a political lobbyist helped to make crucial changes in the 1980 Broadcasting Act which created a new regime for commercial television in the UK. In 1989 Stuart helped to form the Campaign For Quality Television with colleagues from Granada Television and a former colleague Simon Albury as its Director. Sadly Simon died last September so we have lost two highly respected champions of the TV industry in less than 12 months.

Simon and Stuart set out to thwart what they described as ‘Thatcher’s wrecking ball’, the Prime Minister’s plan to award regional ITV franchises to the highest bidder with no quality checks. Their aim was to persuade David Mellor, the Minister in charge of steering the legislation through Parliament, that cash alone could not win a licence. Fortunately Mellor regarded them not as the salaried employees of ITV, which they were, but as a producers’ lobby, even if was partly funded by ITV.

In December 1989 Mellor met Albury and Prebble and three other programme-makers plus comedians Rowan Atkinson and Terry Jones of Monty Python. They floated the idea of a ‘quality threshold’ over which a company had to pass in order for its bid to qualify. There were several more meetings.

The Chairman of the regulator, Sir George Russell, had similar ideas and Mellor was influenced by Russell’s judgment. What was not known at the time but was revealed in Prime Ministerial papers released much later was that two of Thatcher’s most trusted advisers, her deputy Lord Whitelaw, and her Press Officer Bernard Ingham also weighed in on the producers side of the argument. (See my February 2017 blog ‘When Willie warned Maggie he was ‘horrified and deeply antagonistic’ about her plan for British TV’).

On the 9th June 1989 Lord Whitelaw wrote on House of Lords notepaper; ‘Dear Margaret,I apologise for bothering you when you have so many major problems confronting you. But I feel I would be letting you down if I did not tell you at once of my deep anxiety about future Broadcasting policy. If the leaks about the Cabinet Committee are correct -they are certainly widespread- I must stress that I would be horrified and deeply antagonistic if franchises were automatically to go to the highest bidder without clear safeguards . I am convinced that any such course inevitably leads to a major loss of quality in TV programmes. I cannot believe it would be right to sacrifice quality in the hope of greater financial gain. It would certainly be very unpopular in many quarters. Sorry to bother you.Yours ever,Willie’.

Press Secretary Bernard Ingham was even more direct to Thatcher ; ’Politically you are most vulnerable in the area of quality. You, of all people, must not go down in history as the person who ruined British television’.

The outcome was that the Broadcasting Act incorporated an ‘exceptional circumstances’ clause which enabled the regulator to disqualify a bidder whose programme plans did not meet a quality threshold. One of the beneficiaries was Granada TV itself which was outbid by a challenger but which kept its licence because the newcomer was deemed to have failed the quality test while Granada passed. Prebble and Albury had done their bosses a very big favour.

Who did the first TV coverage of the Post Office scandal?

SECOND THOUGHTS BLOG 9/1/24

ITV is quite rightly getting credit for waking a wider world up to the Post Office scandal with the drama ‘Mr Bates v the Post Office’. Now I discover that an ITV regional news bulletin in the South of England provided the first TV coverage of the problems sub- postmasters were having as a result of the Horizon computer system.

On February 2nd 2008 Meridian News reported on what 15 years later would turn out to be one of the most memorable episodes in the drama:

A postmistress who admitted fraud has walked free from court – after villagers came to her rescue. Jo Hamilton had called a meeting to explain to neighbours in South Warnborough near Basingstoke why cash had gone missing from their post office. She said couldn’t cope with the computer system. Well, the village soon rallied round, and raised thousands of pounds to help pay the money back’.

It appears the next broadcast was in September 2009 when S4C covered the Post Office scandal on a series called ‘Taro Naw’. The programme reported on the case of a jailed Anglesey sub-postmaster and wondered whether there were more cases ‘across Britain’. It is now available again on iplayer here with English subtitles here

The first BBC coverage I can find was three years later also in regional programming in the South of England, on Tuesday 7 February 2011. 

At 7.05 a.m BBC Radio Surrey Breakfast transmitted:

BBC Surrey Jingle: “BBC Surrey. With Nick Wallis.”

Good morning. You’re about to hear a special investigation by BBC Surrey Breakfast. In November last year, a listener called Davinder came to me in a bad way. His wife Seema, who was a Postmistress in West Byfleet, had been sent to Bronzefield Prison in Ashford for stealing more than £70,000 from her own Post Office. In a very emotional phone call, Davinder told me his wife had never taken a penny from the business, but had fallen foul of a problem with the Post Office’s computerised accounting system.’ 

That evening BBC 1 South broadcast an investigation by the same journalist, Nick Wallis, in the Inside Out regional TV documentary strand. The billing was: 

‘A special investigation by the Inside Out South team into the sub-postmasters who have fallen foul of the Post Office’s Horizon computer system’. 

You might think that in the light of the extraordinary interest now created by the ITV drama the BBC might now consider putting the regional Inside Out report back on the i-player. After all it is available on youtube.

But raising its profile on iplayer might risk reminding viewers that the Inside Out strand was scrapped amidst controversy in 2022. 

The Press Gazette reported then:

‘The BBC’s director of policy has said the refresh of its regional current affairs programming which is resulting in the cancellation of Inside Out is “long overdue”.Clare Sumner told Ofcom that Inside Out, which was cancelled with the loss of 29 jobs this year as part of plans to save £25m across BBC England by March 2022, was no longer making the same impact it did when it launched almost 20 years ago.Its audience has been in decline for ten years, she said’.

ITV’s Meridian News in the South of England followed up their original coverage in December 2014. They reported that ‘now postmasters and postmistresses across the South have gained the support of their local MPs’. Former postmistress Jo Hamilton and local MP James Arbuthnot were interviewed.

A few years after the 2011 BBC regional broadcasts Nick Wallis got network showings for reports he made for The One Show on BBC 1 in 2014 and a special UK wide Inside Out in January 2015. Panorama picked up the network current affairs baton with John Sweeney’s ‘Trouble at the Post Office’  in August 2015 and Nick Wallis’s own Panorama in 2020. The sub-postmasters told their story in another Panorama ‘The Post Office Scandal’ in 2022. Wallis was also commissioned to present a radio/podcast series for BBC Radio 4 last year, he was an adviser to the ITV drama and has been freelancing on different news outlets since the ITV drama began. 

Next up for Nick Wallis; more than 20 dates, starting at the Marine Theatre,Lyme Regis on 23 March, for his one man show ‘Post Office Scandal -the Inside Story’ . Some real life versions of the characters you saw in the drama have agreed to answer questions, as has what Wallis calls ‘a major anonymous source in my book’.

Is the new BBC Chair ‘a friend of the Prime Minister’ and some other Second Thoughts on the week’s media news.

‘Samir Shah’ ..he’s one of our own’.

The positive response in the media to the appointment of Samir Shah as the Government’s preferred choice as the Chair of the BBC can partly be explained by relief that the job is going to a media professional not a politician past his or her prime, ‘someone in the City’ or a known party donor. On Sky News Breakfast I welcomed Samir’s broadcasting experience and the fact that he wasn’t ’a public supporter of any particular political party’ or a known donor . I also pointed out that this government does not like to appoint to public posts anybody they regard as ‘woke’ and that Samir has ‘non-woke credentials’

So I was struck by Roger Bolton’s views in his latest ‘Beebwatch’ podcast about how ‘my old boss Samir Shah is to become the new chair of the BBC’. He explained that for the last 3 years of him presenting ‘Feedback’ on BBC Radio Four the series was made by Samir Shah’s independent production company, Juniper. Samir Shah had been the Executive Producer but according to Roger Bolton ‘had made virtually no impression on me at all, we rarely if ever had a conversation and his contribution to the editorial content of the programme seemed to me to be minimal. Perhaps I missed something’ .  

The background is that the BBC announced in August 2022 that a new production company and a new presenter were being chosen for Feedback and reported that ‘Listeners have expressed their anger and disappointment’ at the departure’ of a ‘firm favourite’ who was ‘known for being unafraid to firmly hold BBC senior figures to account’.

On his podcast Roger continued; ‘Samir seemed to spend a lot more of his time on his political interests. He is said to be a friend of the  Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, who was said to want him to be Chair of the Victoria and Albert Museum…he is well liked in Government circles’. 

I have no other evidence on whether Dr Shah and Mr Sunak are friends.,

Were ITV’s investigations into Philip Schofield ‘considerable enough’? 

Preparing to be interviewed on ITV News on 7th December 2023 about the publication of a summary of the independent report into ITV’s handing of Philip Schofield’s relationship with a runner on This Morning, I noticed something odd.

It is first worth emphasising that what was published was not the report by Jane Mulcahy KC but her summary of her report. She explained that ‘there are a number of aspects of this Review which are highly personal and private to various individuals’ and therefore the report itself is confidential.

At the end of her summary ITV helpfully published the Terms of Reference which they agreed with the KC at the start of her review. 

The first two points are;

1. To determine and set out the steps taken by ITV in 2019 and 2020 to look into the rumours that Phillip Schofield was in a relationship with a member of the Daytime production team (“Person X”).

2. To consider and set out whether these steps were appropriate and adequate in the circumstances, taking into account applicable/relevant policies and procedures in place at the time and having regard to any legal duty of care owed to Person X by ITV.

I have underlined what seem to me to be crucial parts of the Terms of Reference, especially given the allegations by former This Morning presenter Eamonn Holmes that there were ways in which the ITV management could have established the truth much earlier. In particular he alleged that ITV could have checked their transport records to see whether it was true that the runner was collected from Philip Schofield ’s home on Friday mornings.

I then looked at the summary to find Jane Mulcahy’s conclusions on these points. All I can find is:

ITV’s management made considerable efforts to determine the truth about an alleged relationship between PS and PX following on from the publication of a story in The Sun newspaper in early December 2019. However, in the face of the denials of the individuals involved, ITV was unable to uncover the relevant evidence until PS’s admission in late May 2023.

What does not appear in the summary is any further detail of these ‘considerable efforts’. Given her Terms of Reference to ‘set out’ the steps taken by ITV I would have expected a summary list of these efforts, in particular whether at the time of the original rumours ITV did or didn’t check transport records. I would also have expected her judgement about whether ‘ these steps were appropriate and adequate’. There is no such judgement in the summary other than the words ‘considerable efforts’

My own conclusion is that there is no evidence in the summary to indicate whether the KC carried out her full terms of reference. It is possible that the report itself does have more details of ITV’s ‘considerable efforts’ and the KC’s judgment about them but they have not been included in the summary for some reason. If that was the case it could have been explained in the summary.

Before I appeared on ITV News at 1830 and referred to this issue I asked ITV News to raise it with ITV management but I have not heard any response. 

What is the truth on the Government’s broken ‘pledge’ on the license fee?

The BBC World at One news bulletin report on the higher licence fee (7th December 2023) ended ‘It is an increase of  6.7 % which is lower than Ministers had pledged’. That sounded fighting talk so I checked if it was true the Government had broken a pledge.

I found a letter from the then Culture Secretary Nadine Dorries to the BBC in January 2002

‘From the third year of the settlement period (i.e. from 1 April 2024 and for each subsequent year of the period until 31 March 2028), the Licence Fee will then increase annually in line with CPI inflation’.

That seemed to me to imply but not specifically state that the increase would be in line with the annual rate of inflation rather than choosing a particular month’s increase which is what the Government chose to do. But the Government statement openly admits they have changed the rules of the game.

in recognition of the ongoing cost of living pressures faced by families, the government has today decided to change how the inflation-linked uplifts to the licence fee are calculated for 2024….The previous methodology for calculating inflation was the averaged annualised October to September CPI figure of 9 per cent. The new methodology for 2024 uses the annual rate of CPI in September 2023 of 6.7 per cent, and is the approach used to calculate uplifts to benefits’.

Resignation statement from George Entwistle and statement from Lord Patten

George Entwistle resignation statement: Saturday 10 November 2012 (shortly after 9pm)

“In the light of the fact that the director-general is also the editor-in-chief and ultimately responsible for all content; and in the light of the unacceptable journalistic standards of the Newsnight film broadcast on Friday 2nd November, I have decided that the honourable thing to do is to step down from the post of director-general.

“When appointed to the role, with 23 years’ experience as a producer and leader at the BBC, I was confident the trustees had chosen the best candidate for the post, and the right person to tackle the challenges and opportunities ahead. However, the wholly exceptional events of the past few weeks have led me to conclude that the BBC should appoint a new leader.

“To have been the director-general of the BBC even for a short period, and in the most challenging of circumstances, has been a great honour.

“While there is understandable public concern over a number of issues well covered in the media – which I’m confident will be addressed by the review process – we must not lose sight of the fact that the BBC is full of people of the greatest talent and the highest integrity. That’s what will continue to make it the finest broadcaster in the world.”

Lord Patten statement: Saturday 10 November 2012 (shortly after 9pm)

“This is undoubtedly one of the saddest evenings of my public life. George Entwistle has worked for the BBC for 23 years. He exemplifies the finest values of public service broadcasting.

“At the heart of the BBC is its role as a trusted global news organisation and as the editor in chief of that news organisation, George has very honourably offered us his resignation because of the unacceptable mistakes, the unacceptable shoddy journalism that has caused so much controversy.”

Click here to download Dimbleby, Entwistle and Patten’s transcript in a Microsoft Word File.

Lucy Manning interview with Peter Fincham – 15 Nov 2012

Lucy Manning interview with Peter Fincham – 15 Nov 2012

LM: What’s your reaction to Ofcom deciding to investigate ITV? It’s very embarrassing isn’t it?

PF: The way that This Morning interviewed PM last Thursday… was misguided and on that day PS issued a statement apologising. We did the same. We launched an investigation straight away which has concluded today, less than a week from the interview… we’ve taken disciplinary action.

LM: You say disciplinary action but PS is still on air today so what sort of disciplinary action.

PF: I can’t discuss in detail what disciplinary action we’ve taken against those involved in the production.  I’ve spoken to PS myself, he realises his mistake, he apologised extremely fully and extremely quickly… he is under no illusions that this is a lapse in ITV journalism.

LM: This is terribly embarrassing for ITV, how could this have happened, MPs are wanting to know?

PF: In live TV all sorts of things can happen, that doesn’t mean they should happen… I’m confident this sort of thing won’t happen again.

LM: No tougher punishments? No suspensions or anything like that?

PF: I can’t discuss the details of the disciplinary action… We think it’s appropriate and have taken this extremely seriously.

LM: Letter from Lord McAlpine

PF: We’ve had a letter from Lord McAlpine today and I will respond to that very quickly. I’ve also had a letter from John Whittingdale and I will respond to that quickly as well.  As you say Ofcom have launched an investigation and we will cooperate fully in that investigation.

LM: And you’re happy that all the steps that should have been taken for that programme were taken? Where was the editor? Where was the production staff? Why was Philip Schofield thrusting this list at the PM?

PF: I’m not happy that this happened. We have editorial processes and checks in place and to be honest with you they weren’t followed so I’m not happy about that but I think that the way we’ve tackled this and responded has been quick and decisive and I’m happy we won’t see something like this again on This Morning or any other ITV programmes.

LM: And PS stays on air?

PF: PS stays on air, yes.

Download Lucy Manning’s interview with Peter Fincham in a Microsoft Word file here